In this study, I explore a 20-plus-year process of how one research-intensive university in the United States integrated entrepreneurship into a university-wide initiative to develop an entrepreneurial culture. This research study focuses on the process of how entrepreneurial culture was developed through the implementation of three social entrepreneurship pitch competitions. I designed and implemented this study using organizational and critical ethnography methodologies. Organizational ethnography is a qualitative research approach that immerses the researcher in the natural context of an organization to understand its social dynamics, cultural practices, and lived experiences. Critical ethnography is an interpretive research methodology that aims to uncover power dynamics, social inequalities, and injustices within organizations by examining the underlying structures that shape individuals' experiences and interactions. I used qualitative research methods to understand the everyday work and activity that shaped the experience of entrepreneurial culture through textual document analysis, observations, and interviews with students, faculty, and staff. My work was guided by the following research question: How do faculty, staff, administration, and students create entrepreneurial culture through the production of social entrepreneurship education at a research-intensive university? Through this analysis, I discuss how pitch competitions serve as a prominent ritual and routine of entrepreneurship education at Startup U, in most cases fostering existing entrepreneurial self-efficacy. However, a disconnect exists between faculty intentions for developing an entrepreneurial mindset and the organizational structures supporting student learning, with pitch competitions outside the classroom often emphasizing high-tech, high-growth ventures, potentially excluding ideas developed from Startup U's broad operating definition of entrepreneurship. These findings highlight the influence of philanthropic giving on student opportunities within the university's entrepreneurship ecosystem and how 'training unicorns' limits the potential of engaging students in a university-wide initiative. I conclude this study with theoretical and practical implications. The theoretical implications section advocates for a deeper exploration of entrepreneurial mindsets beyond traditional business contexts, urging scholars to focus on exploring community development versus community growth. The practical implications section proposes the use of critical reflection to bridge entrepreneurial knowledge and skills with an entrepreneurial mindset.

Trust is the benchmark of any relationship, and the trust one has in their country is often fluctuating, with the modern pendulum shifts of truth in the United States changing how citizens view America. Using definitive moments in the country's history and the rhetoric of those in charge, this text will delineate the government's actions as being the most significant contributors to the modern decline of trust in America. The text is portrayed as an informational piece illustrating the government's negative actions with health services, their lack of consensus on climate change, and the current political system showing corrosion in the nation's trust.

Social entrepreneurship has evolved into a global trend to promote responsible community development and social equity, including nonprofit, for-profit, or hybrid ventures that identify and exploit opportunities to promote social value and community benefit. Social entrepreneurship can be a powerful tool that shifts economic and sustainable development foci from a financial growth paradigm to a community development and community determination paradigm, promoting social justice and resource distribution equity. When considering intercession's potentiality and impact on local communities, an investigation of the role of ethics in the social entrepreneurial profession is essential. It is essential to question the assumption that social can equal ethical and investigate the possibility that the outcome of an enterprise overrides negative impacts on the stakeholders, leading to potential saviorism, colonization, and even corruption in social entrepreneurial efforts. The purpose of this study is to draw on theories of ethics to inform decision-making processes in professional social entrepreneurship. The single-case study seeks to define the ethical considerations of social entrepreneurs and what factors weigh into ventures designed to advance social equity and promote economic equilibrium for marginalized populations. Additionally, it investigates the ethical parameters by which social entrepreneurs operate and how their decision-making prioritizes community stakeholders. The research builds on the work of established critical theorists, existing professional nonprofit and entrepreneurial codes of ethics, and incorporates culturally ethical research models to propose a conceptual framework for social entrepreneurship ethics. The proposed conceptual framework aims to guide social entrepreneurs in navigating the complex interplay of ethical dilemmas, power dynamics, and cultural contexts they encounter. By synthesizing traditional ethical models, critical theory considerations, and a culturally responsive, reflexive, and relationship-based model, this framework seeks to provide a robust, adaptable approach to ethical decision-making grounded in social justice, equity, and respect for diverse cultural norms. These results have implications for entrepreneurship education and social entrepreneurship education, as well as for establishing a culturally responsive, relational, and reflexive professional code of ethics for social entrepreneurs.

The purpose of this study is to identify and examine how top revenue-generating nonprofits in Japan and the U.S. use Facebook, and to compare the differences. The two countries were selected due to the differing levels of government support for social welfare and related programs as the level of government support for social welfare tends to affect the size of a country’s nonprofit. To compare nonprofits in two countries, the International Classification of Nonprofit Organizations (ICNPO) was applied. U.S. nonprofits tend to offer more information on their Facebook profile compared to Japanese nonprofits. Additionally, 83% of nonprofits in the U.S. had a Facebook profile, while only 67% of Japanese nonprofits had a Facebook profile. As for engagement, this research shows that Japanese nonprofits tend to have better engagement compared to U.S. nonprofits. Additionally, with respect to post types, in the U.S. it is clear that for nonprofits in the Health category, posting images helps to promote engagement with users. However, in Japan, the same is true only for the Social Service category. While images tend to help increase engagement, posts with videos lower engagement for the U.S. cultural, health, philanthropic, and international nonprofits. However, in Japan, posting videos has a positive correlation with engagement for social service and environmental nonprofits. In addition, for Japanese nonprofits, posting an external link hurts engagement if the nonprofit is in either the Health or Philanthropic categories, which is the same for the U.S. However, posting an external link increases engagement for nonprofits in the Environmental category in Japan, but increases engagement for nonprofits in the Cultural category in the U.S. With respect to post content type, requesting donations through external links caused decreased comment based engagement for U.S. nonprofits. For Japanese nonprofits, including videos on posts requesting volunteers or donations increases comment based engagement. While some of these results are surprising, they indicate that different approaches are needed in different nonprofit categories and in different countries if nonprofits want to maximize user engagement.

This study provides insights into expanding the concepts of community arts in general and more specifically community-based art practices (CAP); highlights the participatory characteristics in the processes of CAP, and seeks to discern the mechanism that contributes to the formation of community collective identity. Revolving around Bhattacharyya’s (1995, 2004) conceptualization of community development, this study found it essential for exploring the fundamental concept of community in relation to community identity. To examine the concept of community identity, this research anchors the inquiry by studying how community-based art practice contributes to community identification and seeks to discover the connection between identity process and social change. The research also discusses the emergent concepts that serve as influential factors to the formation of community identity and proposes an alternative identification mechanism, ‘jen-tung’ process, which provides a needed new dimension to the existing theories of social identity formation and community efficacy development.

In 1996, I was born to two Filipino immigrants in El Paso, Texas. At the time, my father was in the process of completing his residency at the University of Texas, working strenuous 16-hour days almost every day as a fledgling resident physician. My mother was a full-time nurse then, working nightshifts to give her the freedom to tend to me during the day while my father was in training. Prior to their immigration to the United States under working visas in 1994, both of my parents came from families whose livelihood depended on agriculture. For my father, it was fishing, raising livestock, and tending to rice fields in a village called Siaton; for my mother, it was sugar cane processing and a family business of selling pigs in a town called Bogo. Despite facing many ups and downs along the way, these family occupations afforded my parents the opportunity to attend school from elementary to higher education. They eventually decided to pursue jobs in the health care industry so that they could immigrate to the United States, send money back to their loved ones in the Philippines, and provide a better life for the family they intended to start together.

Together with a representative working at the Phoenix office of the AHA a project to create a marketing material which focused on volunteer retention was formed. Volunteer retention was addressed in two ways. First, through the understanding of volunteer motivations to attract volunteers with a higher predisposition to positive outcome experience within a specific organization. Secondly, understating the influences on both general and student volunteer satisfaction linked with volunteer retention. The pamphlet includes both information pulled directly from multiple AHA public information and information collected from employees at the Phoenix office of the AHA. Questions were built to gather information specific to the research conducted on volunteer motivation and satisfaction. These questions were then disseminated to a supervisor over at the Phoenix office of the AHA. The resulting answers were then returned, summarized and used in the completed pamphlet. The final product created is a digital pamphlet which was made while adhering to basic principles of pamphlet design and marketing.

The purpose of this public space toolkit is to provide the knowledge people need to transform public spaces within their community. Public spaces are a major part of cities that people use everyday. The problem is that many open public spaces, like vacant lots, are not effectively used. Meanwhile, communities face issues including social isolation, food scarcity, etc. Therefore, transforming public spaces using community gardens will help address these matters. Methods used for this toolkit include using research databases, examining scholarly journals, and using primary experiences to navigate topics. Results show that there are numerous social benefits obtained when public space management strategies and best practices are properly implemented. This toolkit outlines the strategies and guidelines to consider when starting a garden and what has been proven to be effective for other gardens.
These gardens facilitate community development, build social capital, and address food insecurity. Local Phoenix community gardens, Phoenix Renews and The TigerMountain Foundation, are analyzed. The TigerMountain Foundation was able to demonstrate the power of Asset Based Community Development and how community gardens provided a way for people to invest in their community and gain skills. The Phoenix Renews garden showed the importance of selecting the right space for a garden, and the downsides when certain considerations are not made. Conclusively, community garden can be a catalyst for people to transform their communities. This tool kit provides a starting point, with the knowledge and background information, for people to improve their communities through transforming public space using community gardens.

The present study addresses the usefulness of additional programming/education within a transitional living home/community for individuals with physical disabilities. The study also addresses potential topics that could be covered in said programming/education. The study was conducted over 4 weeks during which 9 responses were received from an online survey sent out to 26 individuals via email. The results of the study indicate that there is a definite need for additional programming/education to be paired with the experience of living in a transitional living home. The study also found that topics to be included should cover job training/job readiness, finances, laws that protect these individuals' rights, and areas of self-reliance such as coordinating transportation, cooking, housekeeping, and budgeting/money management. Overall the study concluded that the participants generally believe they are living an independent life, but they do express some dissatisfaction and desire to change their current situations. All findings of the study will be used specifically within Arizona Lions Camp Tatiyee to further the development of the proposed program.