Since at least the Baroque era, all Western classical woodwind instruments have only used Arundo donax for reeds. This preliminary investigation is one of the first inquiries into alternative natural materials for oboe reeds. The first chapter of this document is an overview of what we currently know about the materials used for reeds from the start of historical documentation until today. The second part of this overview surveys double reed instruments outside of Western classical music for reed materials and candidates for oboe reeds. The second chapter is a survey of some plants in the Poaceae familya group of woody grasses and the family Arundo donax is into determine if there are more candidates for oboe reeds. The third chapter consists of Martin Schuring and I making reeds from two experimental materials: Phragmites and Bambusa textilis. Additionally, Dr. Gardner and I conducted a study involving six participants. I processed Phragmites, Arundo donax, and Bambusa textilis into gouged cane and sent the participants three pieces of each material, which were labeled A, B, and C, respectively. The purpose of the study was to test if oboists with diverse backgrounds could scrape the provided cane into a reed that produces a sound on the oboe. The full study responses are in Appendix B. The last chapter of this document is a scope analysis, courtesy of Professor Jeffrey Kleim, of the plant samples I was able to obtain, which includes Phragmites, Bambusa textilis, and a few other plants. Furthermore, Dr. Lindsey Reymore and I tested the Phragmites and Bambusa textilis reeds Martin Schuring and I made by analyzing spectrograms, extracting audio descriptors from MATLAB, and running a few statistical tests to determine any statistically significant differences. Collective results indicate that eight oboists were able to make functional Phragmites and Bambusa textilis reeds, there are many potential candidates, and there were some statistically significant differences in audio descriptors between the Arundo donax, Phragmites, and Bambusa textilis reeds. Since this is preliminary research and no candidates were deemed unsuitable, future and long-term research is required for more thorough and conclusive data collection and analysis.

With the central focus of making it easier for wind band conductors to find repertoire written by composers from underrepresented communities, this pilot study aimed to incorporate a ChatGPT widget within The Wind Repertory Project database, allowing it to quickly pull accurate information from the corresponding website, www.windrep.org. During this research, I created a custom GPT that is directly linked to The Wind Repertory Project database and am in progress of adding the before mentioned widget. This paper documents how I obtained the knowledge necessary to link ChatGPT with The Wind Repertory Project website as well as provides a brief history of artificial intelligence (AI) and the evolution of ChatGPT.

While much has been written on the history of Education Concerts in the United States, there is a void in research focused on actual content, structure, and purposes of these concerts. This document seeks to fill this void through a detailed examination of salient aspects of Education Concerts, including programming, structure, rehearsal, and performance considerations. In conjunction with my research, I will draw on my first-hand experience as Associate Conductor of the Seattle Symphony, providing a glimpse into the creative challenges and solutions that confront a contemporary orchestra. Additionally, my research endeavors to discover ways of transforming the historically rigid model of orchestral operations into a structure that embraces diversity, equity, and inclusion, encourages connections, and sparks curiosity. The goal of this research, therefore, is to provide tangible references and practical guidance to the conductor or administrator who is venturing into the richness of Education Concert programming and performance in today’s everchanging orchestral landscape.

This project addresses the issue of a shallow repertoire for the saxophone ensemble with a multimedia, interdisciplinary contribution of Gustav Holst’s The Planets. Beyond expanding the ensemble repertoire, this arrangement introduces a routinely excluded instrument and its respective musicians to repertoire they would otherwise not have the privilege to play, and to apply the culmination of skills acquired throughout my experience in academia: saxophone, arranging, visual art, and audio/video editing. This project consists of my arrangement of Holst’s The Planets for large saxophone ensemble, my audio recording of the arrangement, scans of thirty five of my paintings which serve as visual accompaniments to the recordings, a scoring guide detailing the justifications in the arrangement choices, and a performance or rehearsal guide for each of the seven movements.

Servant leadership is a philosophy founded by Robert K. Greenleaf. It emphasizes the leader's responsibility to serve and empower their followers rather than the leader's authority or control over them. While this approach has been widely studied in various organizational settings, its application to the area of music, specifically large ensemble conducting, remains relatively underexplored.As part of this case study, I interviewed six conductors of large ensembles whose groups perform at a high level, but who also place a premium on the needs, happiness, and empowerment of the musicians in their groups. At the same time, I surveyed published literature on the topics of conductor leadership philosophy in North America and servant-leadership principles, specifically the work of Robert K. Greenleaf. This study has brought to light many positive aspects of servant leadership. We also identify some challenges institutions/structures in general create that make servant leadership challenging. Based on the responses participants gave, we can begin to see there is the possibility of serving our ensemble members, giving them agency in rehearsals to be artists, achieve high standards, and help everyone grow as people beyond their musical development.

One way in which public school band directors hone their conducting skills beyond their initial academic training is by attending conducting workshops. These workshops, which usually range in duration from one day to a full week give conductors the opportunity to obtain critical feedback from recognized pedagogues, helping them improve, among other things, their conducting gestures, rehearsal techniques, and score study abilities. Offered at various times throughout the year with many of them taking place during the summer when public school educators do not have teaching responsibilities, most band conducting workshops are designed to be inclusive of anyone in search of professional development opportunities. However, the costs often associated with attending a workshop can be challenging for many people. The goal of this study is to take the potential professional development yielded from a traditional in-person conducting workshop and transition it to a one-on-one online format that will not only allow for similar growth found with traditional in-person workshops, but also provide additional benefits unique to the virtual setting. Based on the findings in this study, the virtual platform has the potential to cover many of the same goals as the traditional workshop. And while there were some components of the traditional workshop that could not be produced virtually, there were some unintended positives that the virtual workshop provided. Among those positives were addressing issues of equity and access, while also building professional relationships, that in turn, could result in graduate school opportunities.

During my career as an oboist, I have only played the oboe d’amore one time before this project. I have always wondered why such a beautiful instrument is scarcely played today, and decided it was time to commission new works that aim to bring back the instrument’s popularity. Tim Carlos composed Fernweh: Sonata for Oboe d’amore and Piano and Two Sketches for Oboe d’amore, Guitar, and Percussion. This document covers the collaborative method Carlos and I experienced, the history of the oboe d’amore, edits made to the compositions, and most importantly a performer’s guide to these two new works (discussing both technical and musical challenges.) The recordings are also included. To purchase either work in its entirety, contact timcarloscomposer@gmail.com.

This paper highlights a method for jazz transcription, comprehension, and practice to be implemented primarily in applied saxophone instruction with undergraduate students. The purpose is the identify and mend the divide between jazz and classical that appears in academia. This divide is one that came about by necessity in the saxophone’s relative youth in the academic world as it found solid footing in conservatories around the world. A literature review establishes the current state of dialogue between both jazz and classical in the academic saxophone community, including the current state of crossover scholarship that discusses the interaction between multiple genres. This review investigates what serves as pedagogical material in an aural discipline like jazz. A thorough approach to transcription is crucial change to the standard practice of jazz transcription typically employed in applied saxophone studios. This approach takes the focus away from the product and places it on the process. This process is demonstrated through a transcription and deconstruction of Charlie Parker’s “Cheryl.” Though this approach is presented through the perspective of a saxophonist, this process can be applied to any number of instrumental disciplines seeking to understand jazz transcription and improvisation more fully.

Many options for mouthpieces and reeds are available to clarinetists, which makes selecting the right equipment complicated. In addition to personal research, potential influences in this process included teachers, professors, and private instructors. To provide some clarity in the current trends impacting the selection of new equipment, a survey of clarinetists was conducted. All participants were asked what equipment they were currently using and to specify what elements of the purchase were most important. Aspects such as price, instructor influence, personal research, conferences, brand loyalty, new releases, and social media were ranked by level of importance. Additionally, questions were asked of participants who taught clarinet about what they recommended to their students at various skill levels. The opinions of clarinetists along with the analysis of the data confirmed which mouthpieces and reeds were being suggested for different skill levels. The results were analyzed by type of career with strong trends in the participants current equipment and their suggested equipment.

ABSTRACT COVID-19 has affected every aspect of society, including the performing arts. This study creates a historic record of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Navy Band Southwest (NBSW), located in San Diego, CA. It is an account of Navy Band Southwest’s journey under my direction as the Bandmaster and the transformation from live music performances to performances in the virtual environment from March 2020 until September 2021. The paper details safety protocols developed by the NBSW leadership team that were implemented following Center for Disease Control and Department of Defense overarching guidance. It also examines the process of development of recording techniques, both audio and video, as well as hardware used to create virtual band performances. Chapters cover NBSW operations pre-COVID, development of the virtual music-making process, and the creation of specific projects, including an original commission for wind band that was conceived, composed, rehearsed, and recorded entirely in a virtual environment. This paper aims to capture the perseverance and professionalism of U. S. Navy Sailors and how these musicians adapted to continue making music during forced isolation and quarantine. An archive of selected performances is included with this document.