The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of entanglement and the particular problems it poses for some physicists. In addition to looking at the history of entanglement and non-locality, this paper will use the Bell Test as a means for demonstrating how entanglement works, which measures the behavior of electrons whose combined internal angular momentum is zero. This paper will go over Dr. Bell's famous inequality, which shows why the process of entanglement cannot be explained by traditional means of local processes. Entanglement will be viewed initially through the Copenhagen Interpretation, but this paper will also look at two particular models of quantum mechanics, de-Broglie Bohm theory and Everett's Many-Worlds Interpretation, and observe how they explain the behavior of spin and entangled particles compared to the Copenhagen Interpretation.

Optometry is an important field in medicine as it allows people a chance to have their vision corrected and it serves as a health screening opportunity for those who receive a dilated eye examination. One of the largest barriers to receiving a dilated eye exam is insurance coverage. Most health insurance policies have limited optometric coverage. By expanding health insurance plans to be more inclusive of optometric care, people who use these health insurance plans will have a better access of care.

The Jordan curve theorem states that any homeomorphic copy of a circle into R2 divides the plane into two distinct regions. This paper reconstructs one proof of the Jordan curve theorem before turning its attention toward generalizations of the theorem and their proofs and counterexamples. We begin with an introduction to elementary topology and the different notions of the connectedness of a space before constructing the first proof of the Jordan curve theorem. We then turn our attention to algebraic topology which we utilize in our discussion of the Jordan curve theorem’s generalizations. We end with a proof of the Jordan-Brouwer theorems, extensions of the Jordan curve theorem to higher dimensions.

We present the isotope yields of two post-explosion, three-dimensional 15 M_sol core-collapse supernova models, 15S and 15A, and compare them to the carbon, nitrogen, silicon, aluminum, sulfur, calcium, titanium, iron, and nickel isotopic compositions of presolar SiC stardust. We find that material from the interior of a core-collapse supernova can form a rare subset of SiC stardust, called SiC D grains, characterized by enrichments of the isotopes 13C and 15N. The innermost material of these core-collapse supernovae is operating in the neutrino-driven regime and undergoes rapid proton capture early in the explosion, providing these isotopes which are not present in such large abundances in other stardust grains of supernova origin.

Theatre for social change, or more generally, theatre that addresses political issues in a community, often leans on participation as a way of democratizing the theatrical space and opening the conversational floor to more than just the traditional creative team. In practice, participatory theatre nonetheless can and has been used as a tool of propaganda rather than a tool for democratic social change. These seemingly-incompatible applications of participation in political theatre present a problem for those who want to use it: what versions of participatory theatre provide a space for other voices, and what versions of participatory theatre ostensibly appear to, but ultimately only function as tools to justify an ideology? To explore this question I examine a common form of participatory theatre: interactive theatrical trials. Specifically, I analyze the agitation trials of post-revolutionary and early Soviet Russia using Augusto Boal's frameworks from his devlopment of Theatre of the Oppressed.

Similar to the real numbers, the p-adic fields are completions of the rational numbers. However, distance in this space is determined based on divisibility by a prime number, p, rather than by the traditional absolute value. This gives rise to a peculiar topology which offers significant simplifications for p-adic continuous functions and p-adic integration than is present in the real numbers. These simplifications may present significant advantages to modern physics – specifically in harmonic analysis, quantum mechanics, and string theory. This project discusses the construction of the p-adic numbers, elementary p-adic topology, p-adic continuous functions, introductory p-adic measure theory, the q-Volkenborn distribution, and applications of p-adic numbers to physics. We define q-Volkenborn integration and its connection to Bernoulli numbers.

In this project we are analyzing the diamond-titanium interface as it applies to diamond-based diode devices, including alpha particle, proton, and neutron detectors. This is done through the fabrication of an O-terminated B-doped diamond sample with a 20 Å Ti / 10 Å Pt overlayer which was then annealed and examined via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It was discovered that after annealing the sample at temperatures ranging from 400 C - 900 C that TiC was not formed at any point during this experiment. Possible reasons for this include a lack of sufficient titanium in order to form TiC and over oxygenating the diamond surface before the metal was deposited.

This thesis project is focused on studying the number field sieve. The number field sieve is a factoring algorithm which uses algebraic number theory and is one of the fastest known factoring algorithms today. Factoring large integers into prime factors is an extremely difficult problem, yet also extremely important in cryptography. The security of the cryptosystem RSA is entirely based on the difficulty of factoring certain large integers into a product of two distinct large primes. While the number field sieve is one of the fastest factoring algorithms known, it is still not efficient enough to factor cryptographic sized integers.

In this thesis we will examine the algorithm of the number field sieve and discuss some important advancements. In particular, we will focus on the advancements that have been done in the polynomial selection step, the first main step of the number field sieve. The polynomial selected determines the number field by which computations are carried out in the remainder of the algorithm. Selection of a good polynomial allows for better time efficiency and a higher probability that the algorithm will be successful in factoring.

The ASU Compact X-ray Free Electron Laser (CXFEL) is a first of its kind instrument that will illuminate the processes of life and allow scientists to create more effective treatments for disease. The dimensions of the linear accelerator (LINAC) cavities must remain stable during operation, for a change in the geometry alters the standing wave microwave energy resonance within the cavities and leads to reflected rather than coupled and useful microwave energy to electric field coupling. This disturbs the electron bunch acceleration dynamics critical to the ultimate generation of x-ray pulses. Cooling water must be supplied to the electron generating RF-GUN, and linear accelerator (LINAC) structures at unique flowrate and temperature setpoints that are specific to the operating mode of the CXFEL. Design specifications for the water supply to the RF-GUN and three LINACs and were made for the nominal operating mode, which adds a 3 kW heat load to the water. To maintain steady cavity dimensions, water must be supplied to each device under test at 30.0 ºC ± 0.06 ºC. The flowrate of water must be 3.5 GPM to the RF-GUN and 2.5 GPM to each of the three LINACs with ± 0.01 GPM flowrate resolution. The primary function of the Dedicated-Precision Thermal Trim Unit (D-PTTU) is to control the flowrate and temperature of water supply to each device under test. A simplified model of the system was developed to select valves that would meet our design specifications for flowrate and temperature control. After using this model for valve selection, a detailed system model was created to simulate relevant coupled-domain physics of the integrated system. The detailed system model was used to determine the critical sensitivities of the system and will be used to optimize the performance of the system in the future. Before the detailed system model can be verified and tuned with experiments, the sensors were calibrated in an ice-bath to ensure the sensors measure accurate and precise values. During initial testing, the D-PTTU was able to achieve ± 0.02 ºC temperature resolution, which exceeds the design specification by a factor of three.

The current observable universe is made of matter due to baryon/antibaryon asymmetry. The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment is an international experiment through the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory that will study neutrinos. In this study, the detection efficiency for low energy supernova neutrinos was examined in order to improve energy reconstruction for neutrino energies less than 40 MeV. To do this, supernova neutrino events were simulated using the LarSoft simulation package with and without background. The ratios between the true data and reconstructed data were compared to identify the deficiencies of the detector, which were found to be low energies and high drift times. The ratio between the true and reconstructed data was improved by applying the physical limits of the detector. The efficiency of the improved ratio of the clean data was found to be 93.2% and the efficiency of the improved ratio with the data with background was 82.6%. The study suggests that a second photon detector at the far wall of the detector would help improve the resolutions at high drift times and low neutrino energies.