Photovoltaic industry, as a strategic emerging industry supported by the national policy for a long time, is an important part of new energy industry, which is crucial for China to realize the upgrading of its energy structure and practice the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality". Photovoltaic industry is characterized by long R&D investment cycle, strong scale effect, high risk of technology selection, etc. Therefore, the study of photovoltaic industry can help to explore the development law of emerging industries, and has a strong inspirational role in promoting the transformation of industrial development and the construction of independent innovation of enterprises. Silicon link is the upstream link of PV manufacturing industry, with high technical barriers, and is the most representative link of PV industry. This paper selects all the PV enterprises in the upstream silicon link of the PV industry chain as the research object according to the standards of the PV industry, by combing the industrial development history and technological change of such enterprises, and trying to explore the basic influencing factors affecting their technological routes by focusing on the technological route disputes between mono-crystalline and polycrystalline in the process of their development, creatively identifying the competitive strategies and decomposing them in the perspectives of costs, efficiency, environmental externalities and transaction costs, by constructing the basic factors affecting their technological routes. We creatively identify the competitive strategies and decompose them from the perspectives of cost, efficiency, environmental externalities, and transaction cost, and try to answer the question of what characteristics of technology routes can help enterprises gain competitive advantages from the perspective of the final development of enterprises through the construction of theoretical models and case studies, and then explore the specific influencing factors affecting the selection of different technology routes by enterprises. In this way, we can provide suggestions for improving the development quality of China's photovoltaic industry, realizing sustainable development, and contributing to the rapid development of China's strategic emerging industries.

Non public offerings are common economic activities of enterprises. Enterprises that make non-public offerings can use the financing capital to purchase fixed assets and expand. From the perspective of enterprise innovation, with the continuous upgrading of market competition, enterprises may need new capital to upgrade their assets, or purchase key technology licenses, patents, and invest in start-ups in related industries. Therefore, there may be some correlation between economic activities and innovation. It is of great significance to understand the impact of economic activities and analyze the influencing factors of innovation performance for how to better promote innovation. This paper increases the consideration of the impact of non-public issuance on innovation, and further find out the impact mechanism of innovation. Although there is positive relationship between non-public issuance and invention patents and utility models, with the relationship with utility models is significant at the 5% level, considering the endogeneity of this relationship remains significant only in the DID model. In the sub samples of non-public issuance plans, the success of issuance also becomes insignificant. Under the instrumental variable method, the conclusion of the benchmark model is supported, and in the sub samples of non-public issuance plans, the success of issuance is still not significant. In the lag phase inspection, non-public issuance promotes the improvement of utility model patents in enterprises. The asset liability ratio of enterprises has certain positive moderating effect on the relationship between non-public issuance and corporate innovation, but this effect only holds across the entire sample range. In the subsample, this conclusion is not true. The moderating effects of R&D ratio, whether there are cash transactions, and whether major shareholders participate are not significant. Companies with low public offering price ratios, i.e. those with high discounts, may experience a decrease in their innovation after successful issuance. These companies are relatively inferior in the market and attract non-public investors with high discounts. They cannot create good innovation, while good innovative companies have lower discounts on non-public offerings. After raising funds, companies increase their R&D, Promote further innovation achievements.

This paper first introduces the institutional background of the study. In the context of the transition from the approval system to the registration system in China, the gatekeeper role of IPO enterprises has changed from the supervisor to the market, which puts forward higher requirements for intermediary institutions such as securities companies. As an important market medium connecting IPO enterprises and external investors, securities companies are known as the "gatekeepers" of the capital market. They can authenticate and supervise the IPO enterprises they underwrite and/or sponsor. The impact of securities companies on the IPO process has also been a hot topic in the academic and practical circles. This paper examines the impact of internal control of securities companies on IPO companies.This study finds that the higher the level of internal control of securities companies, the higher the quality of IPO companies, including higher IPO information disclosure quality, lower IPO underpricing and higher post IPO performance. The mechanism test indicates that the internal control of securities companies can reduce employees' self-interest behavior and improving employees' work efficiency. Secondly, the impact is stronger in non-state-owned enterprises, when the reputation of securities companies is lower, and the external legal environment is lower. In addition, this study finds the compliance degree of internal control and the reliability of reporting of securities firms are important dimensions that affect the quality of IPO enterprises. iv The conclusions of this study have some practical significance. First, this study finds that the level of internal control of securities firms has an important impact on the quality of IPO enterprises. Therefore, improving the internal control of China's securities companies is an important work that needs to be grasped for a long time. The research conclusions of this paper have important research significance for further optimizing the gatekeeper responsibilities of securities companies and improving the efficiency of resource allocation in the IPO market under the background of the transition from the approval system to the registration system in China's IPO market.

Nonprofit operations management has gained increasing attention from both academia andpolicymakers. While the literature has focused on monetary donations, it is important to recognize that individuals also support charity organizations through volunteering and in-kind gifts. This dissertation examines the role of in-kind donations in supporting the operations of Nonprofit organizations. It is divided into three pieces: the first two investigate the relationship between individuals’ time and monetary donations, and their implications for Nonprofit operations, while the last part centers on individuals’ goods donations. The first chapter explores a fundamental question: Do volunteering activities discourage or encourage donations? While some research suggests that people view their time and financial contributions as substitutes, others believe that they should be complementary. Two controlled online experiments indicate that volunteering improves subsequent monetary donations and that, as greater effort is required, people tend to reduce their donations. These results highlight the importance of considering both the labor and financial contributions of volunteers and creating volunteer projects with an appropriate level of effort. The second chapter is about how to manage volunteers, taking into account how volunteers can be unpredictable, heterogeneous, and even donate money. The results challenge conventional knowledge in volunteer management, highlighting the need to integrate the management of volunteers and donors. Volunteers are not only suppliers of labor, but also consumers of volunteering activities. Moreover, enhancing the job efficiency of volunteers may also hinder the performance of charities. Last, the donation of goods is a vital form of supply for charities, which can be resold to generate additional revenue. However, not all in-kind gifts are useful, and unwanted donations can place a financial strain on charitable organizations. Despite this, nonprofits may hesitate to reject undesired donations for fear of discouraging future support. In response, I employ behavioral interventions to encourage donors to voluntarily increase the quality of their gifts.

As Charles Darwin’s evolution theory reveals, it is not the strongest species that survive, but those most responsive to change. This principle also applies in the realm of operations management, where managers shall creatively redesign operations to address new challenges. This dissertation presents three cases where renovating traditional operations cost-effectively solves emerging problems, including fraudulent reviews on online platforms (Chapter 1), inefficient strategy design of advertisers (Chapter 2), and inadequate user participation in global procurement initiatives (Chapter 3). I demonstrate that such a practice not only enhances operational efficiency but promotes social welfare. The first two chapters examine operational renovation in the private sector, while the third focuses on the public sector. Specifically, Chapter 1 investigates sellers’ review manipulation on e-commerce platforms and shows that platforms may not be as committed to combating fake reviews as they claim to be. To mitigate this problem, I craft a game-theoretic model and illustrate that restructuring return policies – an essential, long-established operation – can inhibit review manipulation. Chapter 2 analyzes geofencing, an emerging advertising strategy that enables advertisers to send ads to consumers within a virtual fencing zone. While extant literature shows the usefulness of geofencing, the optimal implementation of the strategy remains unclear. Therefore, I analytically examine the optimal operations of geofencing. The findings suggest that the typical practice of setting the geofence around the advertiser’s store is not cost-efficient. Advertisers shall think outside of the box and consider placing the fencing zone elsewhere. My proposed geofencing location and radius could increase resource utilization, advertising efficacy, and consumer welfare. Chapter 3 switches the focus to the public sector, addressing the unaffordability of health products in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs). Social planners have managed procurement pools to help LMICs access health products, yet countries’ willingness to join the pool can vary greatly. A lack of country participation would jeopardize the success of pooled procurement. To encourage more countries to join, I design a procurement mechanism that considers countries’ heterogeneous preferences, disease burdens, and ability to pay. This proposed mechanism, with an appropriately designed subsidy plan, could maximize the aggregate social welfare.