Contraceptive Perspectives in Nursing students
- Author (aut): Higgins, Ilani Elyce
- Thesis advisor (ths): Gur-Arie, Rachel
- Thesis advisor (ths): Ellison, Karin
- Committee member: Maienschein, Jane
- Publisher (pbl): Arizona State University
The basic goal of preclinical animal research is to improve understanding of human disease and treatment. Mandates for sex-inclusive research – both in preclinical animal work and in human clinical trials – have prompted discussions about the ethics and functionality of sex-inclusive research. Authors of peer review research articles and opinion pieces have varying opinions regarding sex-inclusive preclinical animals research. The arguments that support sex inclusion in animal research include: a) sex inclusive research in the preclinical animal model stage saves money further down the road in research, b) new understanding in hormonal variation in both male and female mice undercuts a notion that male mice are simpler research subjects, and c) sex-inclusive research is needed for improved treatment and diagnosis for male and female humans down the road. Arguments against inclusive research include: a) increased research cost and time, and b) sex-inclusive preclinical animal research is not useful, and may be harmful, to the development of personalized medicine. Weighing the different arguments present in the conversation regarding sex inclusive research, sex inclusive research is clearly important and necessary moving forward for cost efficiency, scientific discovery, and movement towards precision medicine.
This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on telemedicine-prescribed controlled substances by discussing the opinions of pharmacists holding an Arizona pharmacy license. To accommodate the rapid changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government adapted pharmacy laws to better support the healthcare community. The use of remote healthcare services such as telemedicine visits and online pharmacy services dramatically increased during the pandemic, so regulators waived tele-health restrictions like the Ryan Haight Act. This study involved structured interviews with 3 participants. The interviews revealed a positive outlook on the future of telehealth and the possibilities of modernizing healthcare and pharmacy. The study suggests that the waiving of the Ryan Haight Act was perceived somewhat positively by pharmacists, although they still had concerns regarding abandoning parts of the Act from a patient safety standpoint. The study concludes that certain pharmacy and telemedicine regulations are outdated given the positive and negative outcomes of these laws during the global pandemic. While this study offers insights on bringing various healthcare and law arguments together, the small sample size results in limited scope. The study still provides points of discussion to offer recommendations for implementation of the Ryan Haight Act and other similar tele-health and online-pharmacy regulations.