I examine whether a stock’s inclusion in green exchange traded funds and mutualfunds (GMFs) affects liquidity and analyst following. I base these predictions on prior literature that establishes that a firm’s pro-ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) orientation can spur investors’ interest and mitigate investors’ agency concerns (by signaling that managers are pro-social). I test these predictions using difference-indifferences models of monthly turnover, bid-ask spread, and analyst coverage to examine whether firm liquidity, trading costs, and analyst following improve post-GMF inclusion. I find support for all three predictions, even though GMF ownership in my sample is exceedingly modest. Importantly, I identify my treatment effects as incremental to the liquidity boost firms receive when added to conventional mutual funds and exchange traded funds (ETFs). Together, these results suggest that GMF inclusion is perceived as an informative signal of a firm’s green credentials, which leads to more trading volume, lower trading costs, and more analyst participation.

Recent research finds that there is significant variation in stock market participation by state and suggests that there might be state-specific factors that determine household stock market participation in the United States. Using household survey data, I examine how accounting quality of public companies at the state level affects households’ stock market participation decisions. I find that households residing in states where local public companies have better accounting quality are more likely to invest in stocks. Moreover, those households invest greater amounts of their wealth in the stock market. Cross-sectional tests find that the effect of accounting quality on stock market participation is more pronounced for less affluent and less educated households, consistent with prior findings that lacking familiarity with and trust in the stock market is an important factor deterring those types of households from stock investments. In state-level tests, I find that these household outcomes affect income inequality, which is less severe in states where high public-firm accounting quality spurs more stock market participation by poorer households. Conversely, in states where public firms have lower accounting quality, stock market participation among poorer households is less common, and a larger share of high equity returns accrues to richer households, exacerbating income inequality.

Money laundering and drugs are commonly thought to go hand in hand; however, money laundering has many forms and can take place in a variety of industries and by the use of many instruments. The main source of Money Laundering data is Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs) which are collected by the Treasury Department. This paper outlines a number of ways Money Laundering can occur and analyzes Money Laundering-related SAR data to determine if SARs are more likely to originate from Depository Institutions compared to other industries. This paper concludes with a discussion of possible limitations of SARs and suggests improvements to SARs and bank AML processes.