Female circumcision, or more commonly known to the world as Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C), is a human rights abuse that has been taken seriously by the international community since the late 1990s. Since this practice is most common in Africa, this study puts a spotlight on female circumcision in Sudan. The prevalence in Sudan of this practice has informed a lot of research on the subject, but for the purpose of the paper, there is a specific focus on the discussion of female circumcision as it pertains to human rights. The discourse surrounding the topic of female circumcision in Sudan, as well as the international community in general, is sometimes divisive, patronizing, and not culturally competent. This paper explores the human rights abusive practice of female circumcision in Sudan and discusses its tradition, the types of circumcision performed, the history behind it, and the religious debates surrounding it. Most importantly, this paper discusses the political and colonial influences that informed how the international community framed the issue of female circumcision today. This paper critiques the colonial approach to eradicating circumcision, and speaks to the non-intended neo colonialist approach that the United Nations currently takes when it comes to "Female Genital Mutilation." Understanding these religious and colonial influences behind female circumcision will inform the analysis of what has been done to combat the practice in Sudan, as well as what is presently happening. The paper will end with my recommendations. These recommendations will seek the best approach to help victims of Female Circumcision without provoking them from a provincial, colonialist attitude.

The main goal of this project is to discuss the evolution of women in medicine by focusing on their history and where they are today. Women have gone through a lot of obstacles to be able to work in competitive fields today. They have done tremendously and they have also broken several barriers to prove to world that it is possible to be a successful working female in the work field. The focus on Muslim female physicians is placed because many Muslim women are judged by their religion prior to getting to know who they truly are. Many of those Muslim women are very successful physicians who have set the bar high. Throughout this paper one on one interviews with Muslim females in medicine were conducted to show the outside world that Muslim women are just like any other working individual. They all have similar passions and the goal to heal. The mentality of women being the only caretaker and housewife has shifted over the years, in 2017, women are working in very competitive fields such as medicine, engineering, mathematics, science, research and more. This project also included an online survey which indicated how women in the medical field feel towards certain conditions. The results indicated that many women do in fact feel inferior to their male colleagues and they also felt that they had to work harder to prove their abilities. This is because there has always been the idea that no matter what a woman will not be as successful as a man and our history shows that people did believe that. However, on the bright side the interviews and survey conducted revealed that women will not let the discouragement of others put them down, instead they have worked hard and proved that they are fully capable of performing their duties as medical doctors.

Building sustainable American Muslim institutions is critical for the development of an embedded, productive and contributing American Muslim community. The Muslim Students Association is a springboard for emerging young American Muslim leaders to learn how to develop American Muslim organizations, network and provide services for the community. This guidebook is designed to sustain the growth of this organization at ASU.

Westerners frequently describe women in Islam as oppressed, abused and subservient beings that are in dire need to be saved. Their arguments are often based on societies that have very strict laws concerning women and modesty, women's roles and their visibility. They make these claims, all while failing to address the oppression of women in the West and how the institutions and laws in the West oppress women. Islam is often associated with misogyny because people use a small scope of what happens to some women who happen to be Muslim. While a multitude of women in Muslim-majority countries do experience some form of oppression, what needs to be addressed is patriarchy and not Islam. Islam is not inherently misogynistic and if the true teachings of the Qur'an were learned and executed, then it would be evident that Islam is quite a feminist faith. There is an imbalance in the amount of critique we see for Islam vs. other religions. Many Christian countries have similar problems regarding women, but they do not receive the same kind of backlash or any at all. Eastern countries may be behind in feminism by a few decades, but it does not mean that the West did/does not have the same issues. The West tends to paint all Muslims and Muslim-majority countries with a broad brush, which consequently fuels the negative stereotypes and prejudices with respect to Muslims. There are also frequent assaults against Muslim women in America who wear hijabs and women in France that are being forced to remove their hijabs, but we do not see the same kind of outrage from Westerners regarding those issues. In this paper, I will examine various interpretations of the Qur'an, scholarly articles, films, case studies, and interviews to draw my conclusions. Through this analysis, I will demonstrate that the issues regarding women are due to a patriarchal society and not because of the Muslim faith.

The widespread and rapid adoption of mobile phones into urban Morocco is significantly impacting the lives of middle to lower class individuals who interact with this technology. These impacts fall into one of two societal spheres: social and economic. Socially, mobile phone use is altering the way that place-making practices, time construction, and gender roles are being negotiated. These changes are brought about by the phenomena of time/space compression and constant connectivity that these devices enable. Economically, cell phone use is enabling an ease and efficiency of communication that significantly reduces the costs of information transfer. For micro-entrepreneurs, this cost reduction activates pre-existing social networks and generates job opportunities and social status in ways never before possible. The cumulative result of these social and economic shifts is the creation of societal gap that runs down a technological fault line, fundamentally differentiating the day-to-day strategies of those who interact with mobile phones from those who do not.