Due to the internet being in its infancy, there is no consensus regarding policy approaches that various countries have taken. These policies range from strict government control to liberal access to the internet which makes protecting individual private data difficult. There are too many loopholes and various forms of policy on how to approach protecting data. There must be effort by both the individual, government, and private entities by using theoretical mixed methods to approach protecting oneself properly online.

This research aims to evaluate gender disparities in driving while under the influence (DUI) prosecutions, integrating perspectives from political science, sociology, and economics. A meticulous literature review reveals distinct patterns in drinking habits, risk-taking behaviors, biases within law enforcement, justice system dynamics, regional blood alcohol content (BAC) law variations, and the intricate interplay of gender norms and societal expectations. Notably, women face a lower likelihood of DUI arrest than men, a disparity influenced by a myriad of factors, including alcohol consumption patterns, ingrained biases, and gendered stereotypes. Economic dimensions of DUI convictions spotlight costs linked to healthcare, legal proceedings, lost productivity, and insurance premiums. The political arena actively molds DUI-centric policies, emphasizing the significance of decisions like adopting ignition interlock device laws and amplifying enforcement initiatives. Additionally, the nuanced experiences and challenges of transgender individuals within the DUI justice context underscore a pressing need for inclusivity and tailored policy considerations. A key observation is the obstacle faced by women, who are subjected to criticism both for the DUI offense and deviations from gender norms. This research underscores the necessity for harmonized policies that bridge the gender gap in DUI arrests, fostering an equitable justice system, and mitigating the profound economic and social repercussions of DUI offenses. The confluence of societal norms, economic ramifications, and political decisions constitutes the crux of gender disparities in DUI prosecutions, necessitating comprehensive and intersectional approaches in future research endeavors.

The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether different types of narcissistic behavior are associated with different kinds of economic risk behavior. The thesis examines five published articles to establish whether the sub-classifications of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) are significantly linked to economic risk behavior, broadly defined. The primary hypothesis states that different classifications of narcissistic behavior will be associated with different kinds of economic risk behavior. The paper finds, broadly, that different kinds of narcissistic behavior classifications are indeed associated with different kinds of economic risk behavior. Specifically, grandiose narcissism (GN) is associated with higher rates of risky gambling behavior; however, manifestations of vulnerable narcissism (VN) appear to play an integral role in the relationship. The paper also finds that both GN and VN are associated with higher rates of oniomania where mediating roles of impulsivity, materialism, and emptiness are present. The thesis concludes that addressing the issue of narcissism cannot be viewed through the lens of any unilateral perspective.

This dissertation examines the performance of various federal departments on the success of their integration of personnel based on race and gender. It determines if there are variations in the success rate and explores the reasons for the variations based on the literature review and data analysis. The data used are federal employee data compiled by the U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Merit System Protection Board, and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission through use of personnel surveys from 1979 through 2002 and annual reports. The study uses a cross-sectional model to test whether women and minorities in General Schedule grades 13 -15 have benefited from the implementation of Affirmative Action policy in their prospective agency over time. The effect of department size and affirmative action on the success rate of women and minorities was observed. The data shows that women at the GS 13 -15 grades have made significant gains in their participation rates at all of the departments within the study from 1979 - 2002. The gains made by minorities at the GS 13 -15 grades were not at the same rate as women. In several departments, the participation rates were either flat or decreased. The regression model showed that there is a linear relationship between the success of women and the success of minorities at the GS 13 -15 grade levels within federal departments.