In my thesis, I characterize multi-nuclear manganese cofactors in modified reaction

centers from the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides. I characterized interactions

between a variety of secondary electron donors and modified reaction centers. In Chapter

1, I provide the research aims, background, and a summary of the chapters in my thesis.

In Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, I present my work with artificial four-helix bundles as

secondary electron donors to modified bacterial reaction centers. In Chapter 2, I

characterize the binding and energetics of the P1 Mn-protein, as a secondary electron

donor to modified reaction centers. In Chapter 3, I present the activity of a suite of four

helix bundles behaving as secondary electron donors to modified reaction centers. In

Chapter 4, I characterize a suite of modified reaction centers designed to bind and oxidize

manganese. I present work that characterizes bound manganese oxides as secondary

electron donors to the oxidized bacteriochlorophyll dimer in modified reaction centers. In

Chapter 5, I present my conclusions with a short description of future work in

characterizing multiple electron transfers from a multi-nuclear manganese cofactor in

modified reaction centers. To conclude, my thesis presents a characterization of a variety

of secondary electron donors to modified reaction centers that establish the feasibility to

characterize multiple turnovers from a multi-nuclear manganese cofactor.