Adaptive therapy is a novel up-and-coming cancer treatment strategy to minimize chemoresistance in cells to improve patient prognosis. The standard of care cancer treatment has a fixed linear approach known as Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) which promotes an exponential growth of resistant cancer cell populations in the tumor. Through this treatment procedure, a population of chemoresistant cells resurges, decreasing the survival in patients, and narrowing potential treatment options (Gatenby). An assortment of chemotherapeutic drugs and dosing schedules were tested on ER+ endocrine-resistant MCF7 breast cancer cells in an immunodeficient mouse model. After the cessation of treatment, some mouse models’ tumors remained stable or began to shrink. Several immunodeficient mouse models have indicated unexpectedly high levels of neutrophils stemming from an unknown origin. We aim to understand if neutrophils' innate immunity may affect tumor size post-chemotherapy treatment and if it has therapeutic implications along with adaptive therapy. MCF7 breast cancer tumors were extracted from the mice, embedded in wax, and sliced, and immunofluorescence was performed to detect neutrophils and nuclear components. Currently, the protocol is in its third round of optimization.

Can Body Height and BMI predict cancer trends in humans? Using a dataset of 220,181 individuals, with 31,822 individuals having malignancy records, we found that body height (p < 2e-16) and Body Mass Index (BMI) (p < 5.6e-05) are significant predictors of developing cancer. After stratifying by sex, we determined that men and women face an elevated risk of developing cancer with increases in body height, but a very slight increase in cancer risk with increases in BMI.

This review aims to provide a comprehensive review of the most recent literature on adaptive therapy, a promising new approach to cancer treatment that leverages evolutionary theory to prolong tumor control1. By capitalizing on the competition between drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cells, adaptive therapy has led to a paradigm shift in oncology. Through mathematical and in silico models, researchers have examined key factors such as dose timing, cost of resistance, and spatial dynamics in tumor response to adaptive therapy. With a partial focus on preclinical experiments involving ovarian and breast cancer, this review will discuss the demonstrated effectiveness of adaptive therapy in improving progression free survival and tumor control. Through the review process, it was determined that dose modulation outperformed drug-vacation strategies, emphasizing the significance of tumor heterogeneity and spatial structure in accurately modeling adaptive therapy mechanisms. The potential of ongoing clinical trials to improve patient outcomes and long-term treatment efficacy is emphasized, while a thorough analysis of study methodologies shapes the future direction of adaptive therapy research.