The purpose of this study was to explore Chinese preservice music teachers’music teacher role-identity. McCall and Simmons’ (1978) theory of identities and interactions served as the theoretical framework. Three research questions guided this study: How do Chinese preservice music teachers describe their music teacher role- identity, specifically, their imagined character and role as an occupant of a music teacher position? How do Chinese preservice music teachers construct their music teacher role- identity through secondary socialization? Where do Chinese preservice music teachers place their music teacher role-identity in their prominence and salience hierarchies? Twenty-five preservice music teachers from two conservatories in China participated; all had more than six months of teaching experience. Data were collected through focus groups and semi-structured individual interviews. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings revealed that each of the 25 Chinese preservice teachers constructed a music teacher role-identity as the occupant of an either group or private music teacher position. These preservice teachers’ imaginative views of self-as-teacher contained shared characters, including being respectful, responsible, and fair, and also shared roles, including acting professionally in music and in teaching. Each preservice teacher appeared to be an active agent, bringing their own idiosyncratic understandings to the characters and roles of specific music teacher positions, making them unique teachers. These preservice teachers constructed their music teacher role-identities through cognitive role-taking and role improvisation, and expressive role enactment and negotiations with important audiences. They consistently balanced the content of their music teacher role-identity, negotiating which characters and roles were and were not negotiable, to balance their own and others’ needs. While each preservice teacher constructed their own music teacher role-identity, not all considered it prominent. Only those who obtained desired rewards, particularly self-support and intrinsic rewards, from enacting their music teacher role-identity placed it higher in the prominence hierarchy of their identity-set. Findings suggested preservice teachers’ salient role-identities were not fixed, but changed, depending on their own interpretations of the situation, of themselves within the situation, and of the opportunities to obtain desired rewards from the situation. Implications for music teacher education policy and practice in China are discussed.