Online education and virtual learning spaces have become increasingly incorporated into the educational landscape. Even before the Covid-19 pandemic closed most institutions in 2020 for in-person learning, online education was growing rapidly. As the world emerged from the pandemic, online education and virtual learning environments of all types were commonplace in K-12, higher education, and professional development. This action research explored two main areas in the virtual learning space. First, this research focused on how to provide a more connected and social online learning experience. Specifically, the goal was to determine how participation in Supporting Online Connections in Asynchronous Learning (SOCIAL) helped faculty to provide opportunities for social interaction and learning within their online contexts. Second, this research sought to determine if the development experience itself impacts how the participants share and implement the knowledge they gain. Of particular interest was identifying if by providing this type of development within the same educational context (virtual, asynchronous, and diverse) there was a direct impact on their ability to develop and deliver similar virtual learning experiences to their students. This research provided asynchronous learning opportunities for educators within a private Facebook group designed to deliver professional development to educators in different countries. Participants learned about both Connectivism and Community of Inquiry/Social Presence through both content and explicit modeling within the various Facebook “events” structured around the group and learning objectives. Pre- and post-innovation surveys, one-on-one interviews, and materials collected during the events provided insight into what the participants experienced and what they were planning to implement in their own contexts. The data revealed that participants felt they gained knowledge and had a beneficial experience. In addition, they incorporated what they learned in their context in theory through their action plans and in practice through immediate implementation. Findings suggest that providing professional development in this structure was beneficial in knowledge acquisition through both content and modeling as well as facilitating the creation of similar experiences within the participants’ professional contexts.

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of the innovation, the Professional Learning Community-Orientation Modules (PLC-OM), on new teachers’ (NTs) attitudes towards and self-efficacy for PLCs and their self-efficacy and abilities as NTs. The school district in which this study took place did not have any support for NTs who entered their Professional Learning Communities (PLCs). The PLC-OM was designed to address the lack of support for PLCs, increasing NTs knowledge of PLCs and PLC skills and empowering them to act within collaborative networks. The literature review includes various, relevant studies from areas such as new teacher retention, specifically induction and mentoring programs, NT collaboration, and NT self-efficacy and past research around PLCs and online learning communities. The theory guiding this study includes sociocultural theory, social cognitive theory, and communities of practice. This mixed-methods action research study was conducted within southeastern Pennsylvania and included a total of 18 participants from elementary, middle, and high school. The innovation was implemented over a 13-week period with participants engaging in asynchronous and synchronous activities through Schoology, a learning management system. Participants completed pre- and post-innovation surveys and the Perceived New Teacher Growth Level Survey. Additionally, throughout the PLC-OM, NTs completed a Flipgrid introduction, discussion board responses, and PLC reflections. Flipgrid is a video recording platform that allows participants to create short videos and share with a group. They also engaged in virtual synchronous meetings as an entire cohort which were led by the researcher and focus-group interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed through descriptive statistics and a one sample t-test for the pre- and post-innovation surveys while the qualitative data was analyzed using a grounded theory approach, specifically the constant comparative method. All data was triangulated to confirm and corroborate findings. Results suggested that the PLC-OM was beneficial for NTs and contributed to an increase in self-efficacy for PLCs and as NTs. NTs showed an increase in knowledge of PLCs and their PLC skills including interpersonal skills that can assist with collaboration. Additionally, the PLC-OM positively influenced NTs attitudes toward PLCs and their abilities as NTs. The discussion focuses on clarifying the following: the changes in NTs self-efficacy for PLCs and as NTs; the attitudes of NTs toward PLCs; and the influence of the PLC-OM design.

The purpose of the project was to explore the extent to which an asynchronous online professional development (PD) model focusing on instructor presence would improve feedback and interactions with students. The study is grounded in Community of Inquiry theory, which situates learning at the intersection of teaching presence, social presence and cognitive presence. The study aimed to improve student success by empowering instructors to integrate engaging strategies and technology tools into fully online courses. The participants were 4 higher education instructors teaching in fully online degree programs delivered to 160-200 undergraduate students. For eight weeks the 4 instructors participated in the PD. The goals of the PD were to learn strategies for improving instructor presence and integrating student engagement opportunities in a collaborative online format. Data was collected from pre- and post-intervention offerings of the instructors’ courses to determine the impact of participation in the PD. Results suggest that the PD model was an effective intervention to increase presence and engagement. Presence and engagement were found to have increased in participants’ courses. Interactive video was found to serve multiple purposes including increasing instructor presence and student engagement, facilitating feedback between instructors and students, and elevating the level of cognitive presence of students. As a result, instructors and students both indicated a perception of improved interactions and feedback.