Prosthetic sockets are a static interface for dynamic residual limbs. As the user's activity level increases, the volume of the residual limb decreases by up to 11% and increases by as much as 7% after activity. Currently, volume fluctuation is addressed by adding/removing prosthetic socks to change the profile of the residual limb. However, this is time consuming. These painful/functional issues demand a prosthetic socket with an adjustable interface that can adapt to the user's needs. This thesis presents a prototype design for a dynamic soft robotic interface which addresses this need. The actuators are adjustable depending on the user's activity level, and their structure provides targeted compression to the soft tissue which helps to limit movement of the bone relative to the socket. The engineering process was used to create this design by defining system level requirements, exploring the design space, selecting a design, and then using testing/analysis to optimize that design. The final design for the soft robotic interface meets the applicable requirements, while other requirements for the electronics/controls will be completed as future work. Testing of the prototype demonstrated promising potential for the design with further refinement. Work on this project should be continued in future research/thesis projects in order to create a viable consumer product which can improve lower limb amputee's quality of life.

Interplanetary space travel has seen a surge of interest in not only media but also within the academic field as well. No longer are we designing and investigating extravehicular activity (EVA) suits, scholars and researchers are also engineering the future suit to protect humans on the surfaces of Martian planets. As we are progressing with technology capable of taking us even further distances than before imaginable, this thesis aims to produce an exosuit that will find a place between the planets and stars, by providing countermeasures to muscle and bone atrophy. This is achieved through the rapidly growing field of soft robotics and the technology within it. An analytical model governing torque production of an array of soft pneumatic actuators was created to provide resistive forces on the human joints. Thus, we can recreate and simulate a majority of the loads that would be experienced on earth, in microgravity. Where push-ups on earth require on average 30Nm of torque about the elbow joint, by donning this exosuit, the same forces can be experienced when pushing off of surfaces while navigating within the space capsule. It is ergonomic, low-cost, and most importantly lightweight. While weight is negligible in micro-G, the payloads required for transporting current exercising equipment are costly and would take up valuable cargo space that would otherwise be allocated to research related items or sustenance. Factor in the scaling of current "special space agent" missions times 20-50, and the problem is further exacerbated. Therefore, the proposed design has warranted potential for the short term need of Mars missions, and additionally satisfy the long-term goal of taking humanity to infinite and beyond.

This thesis proposes the concept of soft robotic supernumerary limbs to assist the wearer in the execution of tasks, whether it be to share loads or replace an assistant. These controllable extra arms are made using soft robotics to reduce the weight and cost of the device, and are not limited in size and location to the user's arm as with exoskeletal devices. Soft robotics differ from traditional robotics in that they are made using soft materials such as silicone elastomers rather than hard materials such as metals or plastics. This thesis presents the design, fabrication, and testing of the arm, including the joints and the actuators to move them, as well as the design and fabrication of the human-body interface to unite man and machine. This prototype utilizes two types of pneumatically-driven actuators, pneumatic artificial muscles and fiber-reinforced actuators, to actuate the elbow and shoulder joints, respectively. The robotic limb is mounted at the waist on a backpack frame to avoid interfering with the wearer's biological arm. Through testing and evaluation, this prototype device proves the feasibility of soft supernumerary limbs, and opens up opportunities for further development into the field.

The thesis covers the development and modeling of the supervisory hybrid controller using two different methods to achieve real-world optimization and power split of a parallel hybrid vehicle with a fixed shaft connecting the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and Electric Motor (EM). The first strategy uses a rule based controller to determine modes the vehicle should operate in. This approach is well suited for real-world applications. The second approach uses Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) approach in conjunction with an Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) strategy to keep the vehicle in the most efficient operating regions. This latter method is able to operate the vehicle in various drive cycles while maintaining the SOC with-in allowed charge sustaining (CS) limits. Further, the overall efficiency of the vehicle for all drive cycles is increased. The limitation here is the that process is computationally expensive; however, with advent of the low cost high performance hardware this method can be used for the hybrid vehicle control.