The purpose of this thesis has been to examine how culture affects healthcare experiences and outcomes for women. This analysis started by gaining a historical perspective of the influences of medical research policies and recent social movements in the U.S. which have affected women's healthcare. A lack of fundamental gender and sex-specific research has contributed to disparities in women’s healthcare outcomes today. When seeking medical care today, women may be affected broadly by cultural factors such as gender bias or stigmatization. A woman seeking healthcare in a medical system with a culture different from her own may experience unique cultural barriers, or she may have personal beliefs which interfere with or contradict the healthcare she receives. Our approach has been to analyze both subjective healthcare experiences and objective healthcare outcomes, in order to make recommendations for improving cross-cultural experiences in women's healthcare.

The purpose of this thesis has been to examine how culture affects healthcare experiences and outcomes for women. This analysis started by gaining a historical perspective of the influences of medical research policies and recent social movements in the U.S. which have affected women's healthcare. A lack of fundamental gender and sex-specific research has contributed to disparities in women's healthcare outcomes today. When seeking medical care today, women may be affected broadly by cultural factors such as gender bias or stigmatization. A woman seeking healthcare in a medical system with a culture different from her own may experience unique cultural barriers, or she may have personal beliefs which interfere with or contradict the healthcare she receives. Our approach has been to analyze both subjective healthcare experiences and objective healthcare outcomes, in order to make recommendations for improving cross-cultural experiences in women's healthcare.