Scalable Structural Modification of Graphene via Electromagnetic Radiation-Activated Nanomanufacturing

Graphene is celebrated for its exceptional electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and specific surface area. Holey graphene enhances these attributes by incorporating in-plane nanoholes, which address graphene restacking issue and improve ion diffusion, making it ideal for energy storage applications. Nitrogen-doped graphene integrates nitrogen atoms into the carbon lattice, modifying its electronic properties and enhancing its electrochemical activity and conductivity, valuable for sensors, fuel cells, and batteries. While traditional solution-based methods are popular for their scalability and uniform etching or doping, microwave and laser techniques offer significant advantages in terms of speed and control.In this study, I have developed rapid and efficient methodologies for the structural modification of graphene via microwave and laser radiation activation. These techniques yielded holey graphene with an enhanced electrochemical performance of 239 F/g and nitrogen-doped graphene with a doping level of up to 10.8%. I have investigated the selective heating effects of radiation, enhancing our understanding of activation modes. Besides, the synergistic effects of nanoholes and interlayer spacing were demonstrated to improve ion diffusion, highlighting the importance of a hierarchical structure in addressing hG restacking. Additionally, I have decoupled the reduction and doping of graphene oxide via laser-activated doping at low temperatures, allowing precise control over the level and type of nitrogen doping. In summary, this research provides a robust framework for the scalable and controllable modification of graphene, paving the way for advanced applications in various technological fields. The rapid and precise structural modifications achieved via microwave and laser activation methods significantly enhance the capabilities of graphene-based materials. Continued exploration and refinement of these methods will further unlock the potential of graphene, driving innovation in nanotechnology and material science.