Association between Health Literacy and Blood Glucose Levels in Hispanic/Latino Individuals: Preventing Type 2 Diabetes among Latinx Adults

Diabetes prevalence is a pressing concern, particularly among the Hispanic/Latino population, which faces elevated rates of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Recognizing pre-diabetes as a pivotal stage for intervention, this study investigates the relationship between diabetes awareness and the risk of developing T2D among Hispanic/Latino adults in Arizona. Through a mixed methods approach, socio-economic, demographic, and motivational factors influencing diabetes management and awareness were explored. 

Background: The Hispanic/Latino community in Arizona contends with a multitude of barriers to health education, exacerbating the awareness gap regarding diabetes symptoms and risk factors. This study seeks to bridge this gap and empower informed decision-making to mitigate T2D risks. 

Methods: A convergent mixed methods research design was employed, concurrently gathering qualitative and quantitative data from 35 Latinx individuals at risk of pre-diabetes. Thematic analysis supplemented quantitative regression models, enriching insights into health disparities and motivators for behavior change. 

Results: Age, gender, education level, household income, and health motivation emerged as significant predictors of diabetes awareness and glycemic control. Notably, while older age was associated with higher HbA1c levels, the influence of health motivation reversed the expected correlation, suggesting informed individuals exhibited proactive lifestyle changes. 

Implications: Findings underscore the necessity of tailored interventions addressing socio-economic disparities and promoting health literacy within Hispanic/Latino communities. By understanding the nuanced interplay of demographic and motivational factors, culturally sensitive interventions can empower individuals to mitigate T2D risks effectively.

Conclusion: This study sheds light on the intricate dynamics of diabetes management and awareness among Hispanic/Latino adults in Arizona. Informed by these insights, targeted interventions can foster proactive health behaviors and mitigate the burden of T2D within underserved communities.