The Impact of Title IX on Women in Intercollegiate Sports Administration and Coaching

This paper will discuss Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972, a federal law that states: “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal assistance”. The act was passed by the 92nd Congress of the Unites States, a legislative body comprised of only fifteen females out of all 535 representatives. The original act of legislation did not address athletics or sports at all, it was meant to promote gender equality for faculty and student enrollment among American educational institutions. It was not until 1973 that Congress began addressing the issue of athletic representation with the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. In 1987 the Civil Rights Restoration Act formally brought athletics within the scope of activities covered by Title IX. This addition requires athletic departments to comply with Title IX regulations based on gender representation, creating standards that must be met to prove institution’s athletic departments are complying with Title IX.
This paper seeks to prove that while Title IX has been successful in terms of providing opportunity for females to pursue intercollegiate sports, the opposite has become the case in terms of coaching and administrative roles. Instead, males have seized the positions that have opened up from the repercussions of Title IX, an unintended consequence that has severely limited a female’s ability to pursue a career in coaching or administrative sport. The growing prestige and salary that is awarded to head coaches of female teams has drawn attention and brought prestige to the position, urging male coaches to take on the role of coaching female teams. Meanwhile, females are not given the same opportunity to coach their male counterparts, creating an unfair advantage for males pursuing coaching careers. This therefore leaves women with a much more limited scope of opportunity for coaching positions, contributing to the unbalanced representation of male/female in sport.