Matching Items (43,917)
Description
We studied the microbial community structure of pilot two-stage membrane biofilm reactors (MBfRs) designed to reduce nitrate (NO[subscript 3]–) and perchlorate (ClO[subscript 4]–) in contaminated groundwater. The groundwater also contained oxygen (O[subscript 2]) and sulfate (SO[2 over 4]–), which became important electron sinks that affected the NO[subscript 3]– and ClO[subscript 4]– removal rates. Using pyrosequencing, we elucidated how important phylotypes of each “primary” microbial group, i.e., denitrifying bacteria (DB), perchlorate-reducing bacteria (PRB), and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), responded to changes in electron-acceptor loading. UniFrac, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), and diversity analyses documented that the microbial community of biofilms sampled when the MBfRs had a high acceptor loading were phylogenetically distant from and less diverse than the microbial community of biofilm samples with lower acceptor loadings. Diminished acceptor loading led to SO[2 over 4]– reduction in the lag MBfR, which allowed Desulfovibrionales (an SRB) and Thiothrichales (sulfur-oxidizers) to thrive through S cycling. As a result of this cooperative relationship, they competed effectively with DB/PRB phylotypes such as Xanthomonadales and Rhodobacterales. Thus, pyrosequencing illustrated that while DB, PRB, and SRB responded predictably to changes in acceptor loading, a decrease in total acceptor loading led to important shifts within the “primary” groups, the onset of other members (e.g., Thiothrichales), and overall greater diversity.
Contributors
Ontiveros-Valencia, Aura (Author) / Tang, Youneng (Author) / Zhao, Heping (Author) / Friese, David (Author) / Overstreet, Ryan (Author) / Smith, Jennifer (Author) / Evans, Patrick (Author) / Rittmann, Bruce (Author) / Krajmalnik-Brown, Rosa (Author) / Biodesign Institute (Contributor) / Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology (Contributor) / Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability (Contributor) / School of Sustainability (Contributor)
Created
2014-07-01
Description
Quantum weak measurements with states both pre- and post-selected offer a window into a hitherto neglected sector of quantum mechanics. A class of such systems involves time dependent evolution with transitions possible. In this paper we explore two very simple systems in this class. The first is a toy model representing the decay of an excited atom. The second is the tunneling of a particle through a barrier. The post-selection criteria are chosen as follows: at the final time, the atom remains in its initial excited state for the first example and the particle remains behind the barrier for the second. We then ask what weak values are predicted in the physical environment of the atom (to which no net energy has been transferred) and in the region beyond the barrier (to which the particle has not tunneled). Thus, just as the dog that didn't bark in Arthur Conan Doyle's story Silver Blaze gave Sherlock Holmes meaningful information about the dog's non-canine environment, here we probe whether the particle that has not decayed or has not tunneled can provide measurable information about physical changes in the environment. Previous work suggests that very large weak values might arise in these regions for long durations between pre- and post-selection times. Our calculations reveal some distinct differences between the two model systems.
Contributors
Walker, Sara (Author) / Davies, Paul (Author) / Samantray, Prasant (Author) / Aharonov, Yakir (Author) / College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Contributor) / BEYOND: Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science (Contributor) / School of Earth and Space Exploration (Contributor)
Created
2014-06-13
Description
The Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces and Interfaces conference has maintained a focus on the interfacial and surface properties of materials since its initiation in 1974. The conference continues to be a major force in this field, bringing together scientists from a variety of disciplines to focus upon the science of interfaces and surfaces. Here, a historical view of the development of the conference and a discussion of some of the themes that have been focal points for many years are presented.
Contributors
Ferry, David (Author) / Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering (Contributor) / School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering (Contributor)
Created
2013
Description
The ability to accurately predict the oxidation and reduction potentials of molecules is very useful in various fields and applications. Quantum mechanical calculations can be used to access this information, yet sometimes the usefulness of these calculations can be limited because of the computational requirements for large systems. Methodologies that yield strong linear correlations between calculations and experimental data have been reported, however the balance between accuracy and computational cost is always a major issue. In this work, linear correlations (with an R-2 value of up to 0.9990) between DFT-calculated HOMO/LUMO energies and 70 redox potentials from a series of 51 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (obtained from the literature) are presented. The results are compared to previously reported linear correlations that were obtained with a more expensive computational methodology based on a Born-Haber thermodynamic cycle. It is shown in this article that similar or better correlations can be obtained with a simple and cheaper calculation.
Contributors
Mendez-Hernandez, Dalvin (Author) / Pilarisetty, Tarakeshwar (Author) / Gust, Devens (Author) / Moore, Thomas (Author) / Moore, Ana (Author) / Mujica, Vladimiro (Author) / Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (Contributor) / College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Contributor) / School of Molecular Sciences (Contributor)
Created
2013-10-28
Description
The unified model of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) has provided a successful explanation for the observed diversity of AGNs in the local universe. However, recent analysis of multi-wavelength spectral and image data suggests that the unified model is only a partial theory of AGNs, and may need to be augmented to remain consistent with all observations. Recent studies using high spatial resolution ground-and space-based observations of local AGNs show that Seyfert class and the "core" (r less than or similar to 1 kpc) host-galaxy morphology are correlated. Currently, this relationship has only been established qualitatively, by visual inspection of the core morphologies of low-redshift (z < 0.035) Seyfert host galaxies. We re-establish this empirical relationship in Hubble Space Telescope optical imaging by visual inspection of a catalog of 85 local (D < 63 Mpc) Seyfert galaxies. We also attempt to re-establish the core morphology-Seyfert class relationship using an automated, non-parametric technique that combines both existing classification parameter methods (the adapted CAS and G-M-20) and a new method which implements the Source Extractor software for feature detection in unsharp-mask images. This new method is designed explicitly to detect dust features in the images. We use our automated approach to classify the morphology of the AGN cores and determine that Sy2 galaxies visually appear, on average, to have more dust features than Sy1. With the exception of this "dustiness" however, we do not measure a strong correlation between the dust morphology and the Seyfert class of the host galaxy using quantitative techniques. We discuss the implications of these results in the context of the unified model.
Contributors
Rutkowski, Michael (Author) / Hegel, P. R. (Author) / Kim, Hwihyun (Author) / Windhorst, Rogier (Author) / Tamura, Kazuyuki (Author) / College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (Contributor) / School of Earth and Space Exploration (Contributor)
Created
2013-10-28
Description
Background: National and international strategies to increase physical activity emphasize environmental and policy changes that can have widespread and long-lasting impact. Evidence from multiple countries using comparable methods is required to strengthen the evidence base for such initiatives. Because some environment and policy changes could have generalizable effects and others may depend on each country's context, only international studies using comparable methods can identify the relevant differences. Methods: Currently 12 countries are participating in the International Physical Activity and the Environment Network (IPEN) study. The IPEN Adult study design involves recruiting adult participants from neighborhoods with wide variations in environmental walkability attributes and socioeconomic status (SES). Results: Eleven of twelve countries are providing accelerometer data and 11 are providing GIS data. Current projections indicate that 14,119 participants will provide survey data on built environments and physical activity and 7145 are likely to provide objective data on both the independent and dependent variables. Though studies are highly comparable, some adaptations are required based on the local context. Conclusions: This study was designed to inform evidence-based international and country-specific physical activity policies and interventions to help prevent obesity and other chronic diseases that are high in developed countries and growing rapidly in developing countries.
Contributors
Kerr, Jacqueline (Author) / Sallis, James F. (Author) / Owen, Neville (Author) / De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse (Author) / Cerin, Ester (Author) / Sugiyama, Takemi (Author) / Reis, Rodrigo (Author) / Sarmiento, Olga (Author) / Froemel, Karel (Author) / Mitas, Josef (Author) / Troelsen, Jens (Author) / Christiansen, Lars Breum (Author) / Macfarlane, Duncan (Author) / Salvo, Deborah (Author) / Schofield, Grant (Author) / Badland, Hannah (Author) / Guillen-Grima, Francisco (Author) / Aguinaga-Ontoso, Ines (Author) / Davey, Rachel (Author) / Bauman, Adrian (Author) / Saelens, Brian (Author) / Riddoch, Chris (Author) / Ainsworth, Barbara (Author) / Pratt, Michael (Author) / Schmidt, Tom (Author) / Frank, Lawrence (Author) / Adams, Marc (Author) / Conway, Terry (Author) / Cain, Kelli (Author) / Van Dyck, Delfien (Author) / Bracy, Nicole (Author) / College of Health Solutions (Contributor) / School of Nutrition and Health Promotion (Contributor)
Created
2013
Description
The Combined Activated Sludge-Anaerobic Digestion Model (CASADM) quantifies the effects of recycling anaerobic-digester (AD) sludge on the performance of a hybrid activated sludge (AS)-AD system. The model includes nitrification, denitrification, hydrolysis, fermentation, methanogenesis, and production/utilization of soluble microbial products and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). A CASADM example shows that, while effluent COD and N are not changed much by hybrid operation, the hybrid system gives increased methane production in the AD and decreased sludge wasting, both caused mainly by a negative actual solids retention time in the hybrid AD. Increased retention of biomass and EPS allows for more hydrolysis and conversion to methane in the hybrid AD. However, fermenters and methanogens survive in the AS, allowing significant methane production in the settler and thickener of both systems, and AD sludge recycle makes methane formation greater in the hybrid system.
Contributors
Young, Michelle (Author) / Marcus, Andrew (Author) / Rittmann, Bruce (Author) / Biodesign Institute (Contributor) / Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology (Contributor)
Created
2013-08-13
Description
Provides eviction models emanating from COVID-19 for the greater Phoenix, Arizona area.
Contributors
Applegate, J.M. (Author) / Bergin, Sean M. (Author) / Arizona State University. School of Complex Adaptive Systems (Sponsor)
Created
2020-08
Description
Describes the LIHEAP benefits distributed to electric utilities companies in Arizona for fiscal year 2019.
Contributors
Phillips, Lora A. (Author) / Morgan, Shelley (Addressee) / Arizona State University. Knowledge Exchange for Resilience (Sponsor) / Arizona State University. School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning (Contributor)
Created
2021-03
Description
Meatless Monday is an initiative that encourages actionable steps toward the reduction of meat consumption by asking participants to eat meat-free on Mondays. Many organizations, cities, schools, and correctional facilities have implemented Meatless Monday initiatives as a push to improve environmental sustainability, human health, and the welfare of animals. Such initiatives provide an opportunity to educate consumers on the health benefits of a plant-forward diet, the environmental impact of meat production, animal welfare issues, the innovation of non-meat proteins, and to engage stakeholders in gaining more control over their food choices. This report offers a summary of seven Meatless Monday initiatives throughout the U.S., highlighting best practices and notable challenges of implementing and maintaining such an initiative in three different contexts: local government, school systems, and non-profit or volunteer-led organizations. This report was conducted through an extensive look at previous research, news articles, and marketing materials, as well as interviews with stakeholders in six mid-sized U.S. cities.
Contributors
Alvarado, Francisca (Author) / Coghlan, Jane (Author) / Cooper, Dory (Author) / Petersen, Cam (Author) / Wyman, Carly (Contributor) / Giraud, Esteve Gaelle (Contributor) / Dart, Jesse (Contributor) / Benard, Nick (Contributor) / Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future (Client) / Meatless Monday (Client) / Swette Center for Sustainable Food Systems (Contributor)
Created
2022-04-01