Direct Ink Writing of PVDF/PEG/CA Composite Based Water Treatment Membranes

This study explores the development of composite membranes using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and cellulose acetate (CA) through Direct Ink Writing (DIW) technology for water treatment applications. PVDF membranes are renowned for their thermal stability, chemical resistance, and mechanical robustness. By integrating CA and PEG with PVDF via DIW, precise control over membrane structure and composition is achieved, leading to enhanced porosity, mechanical integrity, hydrophilicity and overall performance. Specifically, BET analysis confirmed uniform pore sizes and surface areas essential for efficient filtration, while mechanical testing demonstrated varied properties across different compositions, resulting in membranes that strike a balance between strength and flexibility. Contact angle measurements highlighted the role of CA and PEG in improving wettability and ensuring precise print fidelity, crucial for DIW applications requiring enhanced adhesion and pattern resolution. This research highlights DIW's capability to tailor membrane properties, overcoming limitations associated with traditional fabrication methods. The findings suggest that the synergistic blend of mechanical strength, porosity, and hydrophilicity achieved through optimized PVDF/PEG/CA compositions could significantly benefit industrial and environmental sectors that demand durable membrane materials with high-performance characteristics.