Isolation of Treponema pallidum from Wild Chimpanzees and Gorillas

Treponemal disease in primates is caused by the spirochaete bacteria Treponema pallidum. Three subspecies of T. pallidum are currently recognized; pallidum, pertenue, and endemicum. In humans, these are generally associated with the diseases syphilis, yaws, and bejel, respectively. Syphilis is located worldwide and spreads through sexual contact, while yaws and bejel are geographically limited and spread by skin-to-skin contact. Despite different clinical presentations, these subspecies are very similar genetically and are unable to be serologically distinguished. Reports of symptoms resembling treponemal disease in non-human primates (NHPs) date to the 1960s, though few studies have been executed to isolate and study T. pallidum from NHPs on a molecular level. Obtaining whole-genome sequences of T. pallidum from a variety of NHPs will help efforts to determine evolutionary relationships of strains within and between species. Currently, no whole-genome sequences of T. pallidum have been sequenced from chimpanzees or gorillas. In this thesis, I will determine if T. pallidum is detectable in fecal samples from NHP’s with visible signs of treponemal infection using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.