Bongsunhwa Variations for Violin Solo by Young-Jo Lee: A Guide to the Historical Context and Performance of a Work Spanning 78 years

In this research project, I introduce to the reader Bongsunhwa Variations for Violin Solo by Young-Jo Lee. Lee’s work is based on the original melody Ae-Su by Nan-Pa Hong, which Hong then developed into the Korean art song Bongsunhwa. The evolution of this simple melody to an art song and later a virtuosic violin work is explored as well. A historical background of Korean-Western music and composers is provided in order to further understand the evolution of compositional techniques that led to Lee’s work. Additionally, I examine the historical context of Hong’s work and the meaning of the lyrics of Bongsunhwa. In this paper, I also explore how Ae-Su affects Bongsunhwa Variations for Violin Solo; in particular, how Lee transforms Hong’s Bongsunhwa to his musical style and uses contemporary Western violin techniques, rhythms, and modulations to express the original intent of the work. Finally, I provide a performance guide of Bongsunhwa Variations for Violin Solo for non-Korean musicians, comparing the original source material of Hong’s song and three verses to the three variations of Lee’s work and how the history and context of the work shape performances of the Bongsunhwa Variations for Violin Solo. Interviews I undertook over email with the composer inform much of the interpretative suggestions in the performance guide.