Applying Constraints Theory of Leisure to Visitation of U.S. National Parks

College students have an increased need for mental health assistance. Poor mental health affects a student’s social and academic success. To combat this, higher education institutes should assist students with the negotiation of constraints to visiting the U.S. National Parks. This study investigated the current barriers to visitation of the U.S. National Parks faced by college students. Additionally, it identified potential resources that could be provided to improve their negotiation strategies. Undergraduate students at Arizona State University (n=99) were asked to participate in a survey to identify current visitation rates, constraints, and demographics. Students in two Arizona State University classes were also asked to participate in a focus group. A total of four focus groups were conducted to determine the potential resources needed in higher education to assist students with the negotiation of constraints. Based on the quantitative and qualitative data, two themes emerged to determine current barriers: prioritization of U.S. National Parks and networking. Two additional themes emerged to identify potential resources for negotiation: planning and perception of time. After an integration of the quantitative and qualitative data, it was determined that cost is an assumed barrier, negative attitudes toward outdoor recreation affect participants’ leisure preferences, and there is a perception of a lack of time. Finally, two significant recommendations are proposed. First is the regularly available communication of knowledge produced by higher education institutions. Second, implementation of planned trips conducted by higher education institutes will help students negotiate barriers to visiting the U.S. National Parks.