Feasibility Design of a Continuous Insulin Sensor from Lessons Learned using Glucose Sensors, and Point of Care Insulin Sensors

Glucose sensors have had many paradigm shifts, beginning with using urine, to point of care blood, now being approved for implant. This review covers various aspects of the sensors, ranging from the types of surface chemistry, and electron transduction. All the way to the algorithms, and filters used to alter and understand the signal being transduced. Focus is given to Dr. Hellerâ’s work using redox mediators, as well as Dr. Sode in his advances for direct electron transfer. Simple process of designing sensors are described, as well as the possible errors that may come with glucose sensor use. Finally, a small window into the future trends of glucose sensors is described both from a device view point, as well as organic viewpoint. Using this history the initial point of care sensor for insulin published through LaBelle’s lab is reevaluated critically. In addition, the modeling of the possibility of continuously measuring insulin is researched. To better understand the design for a continuous glucose sensor, the basic kinetic model is set up, and ran through a design of experiments to then optimized what the binding kinetics for an ideal insulin molecular recognition element would be. In addition, the phenomena of two electrochemical impedance spectroscopy peaks is analyzed, and two theories are suggests, and demonstrated to a modest level.