An Investigation of Gift Cards, Unclaimed Property Laws, and How They Are Related

By the year 2021, the gift card market is expected to grow to more than 200 billion dollars. Gift cards are extremely popular among consumers and retailers. They are the most requested gift of the holiday season. They are popular for retailers because gift card sales mean more first time customers, more returning customers, and more money spent in their stores. The growth of gift cards has been very rapid since their introduction by Blockbuster Entertainment in 1994. As the gift card market has increased, so too has gift card breakage. According to FASB ASC 405-20-40-3 gift card breakage is, "the portion of the dollar value of prepaid stored-value products that ultimately is not redeemed by product holders for cash or not used to purchase goods and/or services". The average consumer may contribute to gift card breakage by not using the full dollar amount of their gift card, or by losing the gift card and therefore not redeeming it. For 2011, breakage was expected to be around two billion dollars, roughly two percent of all gift cards purchased. Gift card breakage is free money for the retail companies. They are able to recognize the breakage as revenue without having to give up merchandise or services. Recently, abandoned property laws have minimized the profits on gift card breakage for large retailers. In states where abandoned property laws include gift cards, retailers have been forced to turn over the cash from their unused gift cards. These laws are going to have an effect on many large retailers as some recognize tens of millions of dollar in gift card breakage income but will no longer be able to do so.